The other day I stumbled upon one of those internet-ready lines that sound profound enough to be printed on a mug:

“People are generally more honest when physically tired. This is why people confess things during late night conversations.”

Translation: when we’re physically worn out, we tend to be more honest—hence all the late-night confessions.

And sure, it feels true. Nighttime has that “the world is quiet, the guard is down, the truth slips out” vibe.

But since the internet has a long and proud tradition of sounding confident while being wrong, I did what any suspicious modern human does: I went digging.

And guess what I found?

Naturally… the opposite.

Are We Morning Angels And Evening Raccoons?

A trio of researchers from the business schools of Washington, Johns Hopkins, and Georgetown noticed something interesting in the research landscape. In 2013, a paper published in Psychological Science suggested that people behave more ethically earlier in the day—and it even got a wonderfully sweet label:

“morning morality.”

Then, in 2014, these researchers decided to run their own work building on that idea. The headline takeaway is pretty simple (and mildly unsettling):

As the workday progresses, the average adult’s ability to control behavior and speech gradually decreases.

And as that control declines, honesty tends to wobble too—especially closer to the end of the day.

So the night might be good for heartfelt conversations, but daytime—particularly the earlier part—may be where our “ethical settings” are set to high.

It’s Not Just Long Hours — It’s Your Body Clock

Here’s the part I find most annoyingly persuasive: the researchers link this pattern not only to long work hours, but to circadian rhythm—your internal clock.

In other words, it’s not one-size-fits-all.

If you’re a night owl, mornings might be your sketchiest hours—your brain is booting up, and your self-control may be running on fumes.

If you’re a morning person, you may stay solid early on… but get more “creative” by late afternoon when your mental battery starts flashing red.

So two people can be equally tired, equally stressed, and still follow totally different honesty patterns depending on when their system is naturally “online.”

Your Self-Control Runs ON… Glucose

Now, why would time of day affect ethical behavior in the first place?

Some earlier research points to something very unpoetic: glucose.

A 2007 study by researchers from Florida State University (published in Personality and Social Psychology Review) suggests that one of the key fuels behind self-control is, basically, sugar energy. The ability to:

focus attention,

regulate emotions,

handle stress,

resist impulses,

avoid quick-and-dirty shortcuts (including lying),

…requires mental resources. When glucose drops, impulsive behavior becomes more likely, and self-control gets weaker.

And to make it even more interconnected, a Stanford study in 2009 highlighted a direct relationship between sleep patterns and blood sugar regulation. When sleep gets weird, the body’s ability to manage sugar can get weird too—meaning your “self-control fuel gauge” may be off before the day even starts.

So What About Late-Night Confessions?

Does this mean late-night confessions are fake?

Not necessarily. Night conversations can still be intimate, emotionally loaded, and disarming. But the mechanism might not be “tiredness makes you honest” so much as:

fatigue reduces your filters.

Sometimes what spills out at 2 a.m. isn’t a pure, noble truth—it’s your brain saying:
“I don’t have the energy to keep editing myself.”

Which can look a lot like honesty. (And sometimes is.)

In Short

People aren’t permanently good or bad, ethical or unethical—sometimes we’re not even consistent across the same day.

Your “morality settings” can shift with your internal clock, your sleep, and your energy. Morning can make saints of us. Late afternoon can turn us into little loophole engineers.

So the next time someone says, “I’m only honest at night,” you can gently consider an alternate theory:

Maybe they’re not more honest.
Maybe they’re just… out of battery.

Kouchaki, M., & Smith, I. H. (2014). The Morning Morality Effect: The Influence of Time of Day on Unethical Behavior. Psychological Science.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0956797613498099

The National Basketball Association (NBA) logo is a symbol of a deep-rooted legacy, the pursuit of excellence, and relentless determination. The NBA logo, instantly recognizable worldwide, has a simple yet striking design. It is built from the colors of the U.S. flag, a figure widely believed to be based on the silhouette of Jerry West, one of its most iconic players, and a straightforward league abbreviation. Introduced in 1969, this “vertical emblem” can also be linked to the NBA’s need, during a period of intensified league-to-league competition, to position itself as more corporate and more distinctive.

The First Logo

The NBA’s first logo, used in the early 1950s, consisted of a white circle representing a basketball. It featured the text “national basketball association” and, at the top, the year’s date. Especially because of its red and white colors and the placement of the lettering, this logo was often mistaken for a baseball logo.

First NBA Logo 

The 2nd Logo Used Between 1953–1962

The organization decided a change was needed a few years after the original logo was created. They redesigned it and produced a red basketball symbol with white lettering. This time, the text was shortened to “NBA” and placed slightly diagonally. The letters were positioned near the lower part of the basketball, in a clean and orderly font, still written in all capitals. The basketball emblem was placed on a white background, making the colors and lettering stand out boldly.

With the redesign in 1962, the ball became white again, but the seams and letters gained a new color: black. The word “NBA” was written in a sturdy serif typeface, all in uppercase, and placed diagonally across the basketball’s middle segment, from the upper left to the lower right. This emblem remained with the organization for seven years.

1969 is Recorded as The Year The Famous Vertical NBA Emblem Was Introduced

This iconic change completely renewed the previous logo, and the organization decided it was time for a new look. The new design introduced different elements and colors, forming a rounded-rectangle emblem. The left side of the symbol was designed in blue, the right side in red, with a white silhouette in the center. The white silhouette represented a figure widely believed to be based on a stylized image of Jerry West. In the lower-left corner of the logo, the letters “NBA” appeared in white, uppercase form, giving the design a cohesive and stylish look. This emblem remained the brand’s main identity until 2017, with its core composition preserved; while small standardizations appeared over the years in typography and color tones, the central idea did not change.

Jerry West and NBA Logo

David Stern passed away without ever officially confirming that the NBA logo’s inspiration was Jerry West. However, West—who died on June 12, 2024, at the age of 86—certainly knew he was “the logo,” and he wasn’t very pleased, especially when it was emphasized in capital letters.

In 2017, After 48 Years, The Logo Was Updated

The core logo introduced in 1969 essentially stayed the same; the main changes came in the form of minor updates to typography and color. The 2017 update, too, was less a “completely new logo” and more a refresh of the existing identity. A modified version of the league’s customized Action font was used for the N-B-A letters on the main logo. The taller, slimmer typography reflected the NBA game and its players. The logo’s colors were also adjusted to richer red and blue tones for better visibility across all NBA assets.

It’s easy to assume the people who “change the world” look the part. But history loves the opposite: ordinary shifts, factory floors, and a camera passing through the wrong corridor at the right moment.

It’s June 1945. World War II is in its final stretch. On one side, thousands of soldiers dying at the front. On the other, officers asking a colder question: How do we train and improve anti-aircraft fire without risking pilots?

Mini Box: Drones Are Older Than You Think

The idea of pilotless aircraft isn’t new. As early as 1918, there were experimental “pilotless strike” concepts like the Kettering Bug. But the story you’re reading here belongs to the era of practical use and mass production.

Prototype Kettering Bug

1) The Unlikely “Drone Guy”: Reginald Denny

The first main character isn’t a general or a scientist in a lab coat. He’s a working actor with a serious obsession: radio-controlled model aircraft.

Reginald Denny helps build a company that would become a foundational chapter in early American drone history: Radioplane. At first, the military reaction is basically: You want to fight wars with toys? Then someone connects the dots: These small aircraft can be used as moving targets for anti-aircraft training.

Orders start pouring in, and the factory goes into high gear. Out of that assembly line comes a small aircraft that matters more than it looks: the OQ-2 target drone.

Reginald Denny

Mini Box: The First Job Wasn’t to Attack, but to Get Shot

Here’s the irony that makes this whole story perfect: early “drones” like this weren’t designed to strike anything. They were designed to be shot at. A lot of the technology is built around being launched, flown as a target, then recovered—meaning the drone begins its life as a flying victim.

OQ2 - Target Drone  

2) The Moment: A Norma Jeane on the Factory Floor

Wartime morale and propaganda matter. A photographer is sent to the Radioplane plant to capture women assembly workers for the war effort story.

That photographer is David Conover.

He walks through the plant with a camera and notices one worker in particular: a young woman doing precision assembly, covered in the grime of real work, holding parts that look like pure industry. She isn’t “Marilyn Monroe” yet. She’s simply Norma Jeane Dougherty.

If she’d been late that day, assigned to another section, or if the photographer had taken a different corridor, pop culture history might look weirdly different.

Mini Box: The Ronald Reagan Connection

The detail that makes the whole chain feel almost scripted: the photographer’s visit to Radioplane is often linked to USAAF Captain Ronald Reagan—yes, the future U.S. President. A target-drone factory, a future President in the background, and a future movie icon on the line.

Captain Ronald Reagan, United States Army Air Forces - 1945

3) Marilyn’s First Husband: Who Was James?

People tell this story like a clean fairy tale. It wasn’t.

While Norma Jeane was working at the factory, she was married to James Dougherty. He was away on wartime service. The marriage carried a very ordinary expectation of “normal life.” But once the camera arrives, once modeling begins, once the momentum starts rolling, that ordinary timeline doesn’t survive.

In a very real sense, the Radioplane factory doesn’t just “create” Marilyn Monroe. It also becomes the place where Norma Jeane’s ordinary marriage life quietly breaks apart.

James Edward Dougherty with then-wife Norma Jeane Mortenson (later known as Marilyn Monroe)

4) From Propeller to Spotlight

Conover doesn’t just take a documentary shot and leave. He has Norma Jeane pose. The photos lead to modeling work. Modeling becomes a door into Hollywood. And that door eventually becomes a name the world can’t forget: Marilyn Monroe.

Marilyn Monroe with a RP-5 (Kodachrome photo) in 1944

Look at how ridiculous the chain is:

If the U.S. military hadn’t needed target drones
If Denny hadn’t built Radioplane at scale
If Conover hadn’t walked down that corridor
Then Marilyn might have simply retired as a factory worker, and cinema history would have a different face.

 Marilyn Monroe with a RP-5 prop (Kodachrome photo) in 1944

5) The Factory’s Afterlife: From Radioplane to Northrop Grumman

Radioplane doesn’t remain a quirky wartime shop forever. It gets absorbed into the aerospace world that keeps evolving after WWII.

That’s where the second “invention” twist lands: the small target-drone lineage doesn’t die. It gets folded into the ecosystem that later produces some of the most advanced unmanned systems on Earth—think Northrop Grumman, and modern platforms like the Global Hawk.

So yes: the workshop where Norma Jeane once worked on aircraft parts ends up connected—through corporate and technological lineage—to the era of massive, high-altitude unmanned aircraft.

Conclusion: When Technology Collides with Accident

This is why the story sticks.

Early drones aren’t born as sleek sci-fi predators. In this chapter, they start as targets. Meanwhile, a future icon isn’t discovered on a red carpet, but in a work jumpsuit, in the middle of wartime manufacturing.

History doesn’t always move like a straight line. Sometimes it moves like a camera passing through a factory.

Trivia Box (End-of-Post)

That famous factory moment also fits the visual language of WWII’s “working woman” mythos—the same cultural atmosphere that produced Rosie the Riveter. Norma Jeane entered the frame as a morale narrative without knowing the frame would eventually rename her.

For someone who lives in Istanbul, visiting Hagia Sophia isn’t really a “tourist activity.” It feels more like checking in on an ancient relative. The city is a time machine on every corner, but some details are so absurd they almost feel personal. The other day I went up to the famous upper level again, slipped through the crowd, leaned in close to those marble balustrades, and looked at that infamous “signature.”

If you don’t know about it, this isn’t some secret. Guides have been telling the story for years. Still, seeing those little gouged lines up close (touching is forbidden, so let’s say “really seeing” it) drops you straight into a thousand-year-old moment that’s intensely ordinary and strangely empty.

And there it is, on the marble of the upper gallery: the trace of a Varangian, one of the Scandinavian guards who served the Byzantine emperors, leaving a mark in the middle of the world.

Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque

What Does the “Crack” Actually Say?

On the upper gallery’s marble railing, there’s a set of scratches that look, at first, like nothing more than the marble’s natural texture. But it’s runic writing. Runes, as in the angular, carved-looking alphabet used in Scandinavia before Latin letters became dominant. That’s exactly why it could pass as a stone vein for so long.

Here’s the crucial part: people often repeat it as “Halfdan was here,” but the inscription is heavily worn today. What’s typically said in more careful accounts is that what remains clearly legible is mostly the tail end, something like “-ftan,” which is commonly linked to the name Halfdan. In other words, instead of a neat full sentence, what survives is probably the fragment of a standard formula along the lines of “(Name) carved these runes.”

And honestly, that makes it funnier. The logic is identical to someone scratching their name into a bus seat or a school desk today. The only thing that changes is the surface. Plastic versus the marble of one of the most monumental buildings on earth.

The Most Successful Camouflage in History

The reason this survived is almost comedic: for centuries, many people simply didn’t read it as writing. It was easy to dismiss as a crack, a vein, or normal wear. And it’s not some massive, bold piece of graffiti either. It’s thin, shallow, almost timid in the stone.

What hits me is how we usually read “history” through grandeur. But sometimes history is just the afterimage of boredom. A tiny act, left unnoticed long enough to become immortal.

Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque

Why This Viking Trace Feels So Real

Because it doesn’t come from a “great narrative.” It comes from the most basic impulse imaginable:

I was here.

And there’s another layer that makes it even more interesting. These runic traces are generally associated with the Varangian Guard, and the timeframe often cited is roughly the 9th to 11th centuries. So this isn’t “some fantasy Viking thing.” It’s tied to a very real Byzantine institution where Scandinavians served in the heart of the empire.

There’s also the detail people miss: it’s not necessarily just one mark. A second runic inscription on the upper level was reportedly identified later, and its reading can vary depending on the source. So the more accurate picture isn’t “one random signature,” but a small cluster of traces that hint at a repeated human behavior in a place that’s supposed to be too sacred for something so petty.

Conclusion: Ideology, or Reflex?

When you look at that marble, you’re not just seeing “history.” You’re seeing the reflex: the need to say, anywhere, even here, that you existed.

Halfdan’s boredom that day somehow became one of our favorite historical incidents.

An Istanbul note: next time you’re in Hagia Sophia, don’t look at that railing only as an “artifact.” Try to feel the presence of someone who probably just wanted the moment to be over, already thinking about where they’d unwind later, and still couldn’t resist leaving a small, stubborn proof behind.

Living in Turkey, you get used to driving through small towns without a second thought. You see a sign, think “just another quiet place,” and keep going. But then, one day, you end up walking through somewhere like Alaşehir. You pause at a sign, a ruin, or the particular hue of a stone, and suddenly a massive gateway swings open in your head.

That’s exactly what Alaşehir did to me.

Because the ancient name of Alaşehir is Philadelphia. Yes, the exact same word as the famous city in America. And this bridge of names carries far more human drama, political intrigue, religious history, and the constant threat of earthquakes than you might expect.

Why “Philadelphia”: A King’s Reputation for Loyalty

Ancient Philadelphia is generally associated with Attalos II Philadelphus of Pergamon. “Philadelphus” in Greek literally means “one who loves his brother.” This wasn’t just poetic branding; it signaled an image of loyalty.

Statue of Attalus II, King of Pergamum

Some retellings frame that loyalty as political too: in an era when outside powers had every incentive to exploit rivalries within royal families, Attalos is remembered for refusing to turn against his older brother. In that telling, “Philadelphia” becomes more than a name. It becomes a monument to a bond that didn’t break under pressure.

The City of Quakes: Culture Written in the Soil

Philadelphia also had another reputation: it was famously vulnerable to earthquakes. Ancient writers like Strabo are often cited in connection with the city’s constant shaking.

Standing there, it makes you realize something. A city’s culture isn’t written only by palaces and wars. Sometimes it’s written by the ground itself. In a place that keeps moving, architecture, daily life, and even metaphors start bending toward the same obsession: what can actually endure.

Alaşehir - Manisa 

The Seven Churches Connection: Stones, Pillars, and Revelation

What struck me most about Alaşehir was its footprint in Christian history. The city is one of the Seven Churches of Revelation.  In fact, Revelation names the full list in one breath. John hears a voice telling him: “Write what you see in a book and send it to the seven churches: to Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, and Laodicea” (Revelation 1:11). When you remember that these are real places in western Anatolia, “Philadelphia” stops feeling like an abstract Bible label and starts sounding like geography.

Seven Churches of Revelation

Today, you can still see massive structural remains locals often associate with a church site tied to St. John, including heavy buttress-like supports that hint at how large the building once was. And then there’s the line addressed to the community in Philadelphia:

“I will make him a pillar in the temple of my God.”

Among those stones, the “pillar” imagery stops feeling abstract. In a city shaped by earthquakes, becoming an unshakable pillar isn’t just poetry. It’s the ultimate promise of stability in a world that won’t stop moving.

Where Does the Name “Alaşehir” Come From?

There are two layers to the name Alaşehir. One is the popular folk story often repeated locally. I love a good tale, but I keep it as what it is: a legend.

The more grounded explanation is linguistic and documentary. “Alaşehir” is also linked to the idea of a “multicolored” or “speckled” town, with early attestations in medieval sources. Honestly, having seen Alaşehir up close, “multicolored city” doesn’t feel like a stretch. The landscape has a texture that matches the name.

Why Was the Name Given to Philadelphia in the USA?

Let’s clear the air: William Penn didn’t choose the name simply to mirror a church from the Bible. He chose it because it evoked an ideal: Brotherly Love.

Penn imagined Pennsylvania as a kind of “Holy Experiment,” a place where people fleeing religious persecution could live together in peace. The meaning is straightforward: phileo (to love) + adelphos (brother).

And there’s a resonance too. Even if the primary pull was the Greek meaning and Quaker tolerance, “Philadelphia” already carried a positive association in Christian tradition because of the faithful Philadelphia mentioned in Revelation. The name fit Penn’s vision of coexistence almost too perfectly.

William Penn (holding paper) and King Charles II depicted in The Birth of Pennsylvania 1680, a portrait by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris

Final Thought

What I love about this connection is how the same word ends up carrying two different dreams of order across two different eras. In Anatolia, Philadelphia grows out of a story about loyalty under political pressure. In America, it becomes a statement of tolerance and living together.

It’s easy to dismiss Alaşehir as “just a small town.” But if you stop and listen for a moment, you realize an entire world history is echoing through its name.